Biography

Education:
BS (Physics), NYU Polytechnic Institute

MS (Physics), University of Michigan

PhD (Elementary Partical Physics Theory), University of Michigan

Research Expertise:
Elementary Particle Physics Theory | Foundations of Quantum Physics

My Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics

In my view, quantum mechanics is best understood through quantum field theory, where forces arise from the exchange of virtual particles. These fleeting carriers transfer energy and momentum, shaping all quantum effects.

Interference patterns, such as those in the Afshar experiment, form because virtual particles mediate tiny momentum kicks that steer photons toward bright regions and away from dark ones. Without a screen—or any external source to exchange momentum—photons simply travel uniformly, unaffected by the underlying wave pattern.

Thus, particles do not blindly follow the wavefunction. Instead, the wavefunction acts as a blueprint, guiding virtual particles, which in turn provide the momentum exchanges that shape particle motion. This interplay explains how abstract fields translate into the physical phenomena we observe.

Galactic Neutrino Distribution

As an application of my interpretation of quantum mechanics, consider galactic neutrinos. These particles interact only through the weak force—whose range is about 10^(-18) meters—and through gravity, which acts over infinite range.

The wavefunction of Dirac neutrinos orbiting within a galaxy is governed by the Dirac equation in curved spacetime. For neutrinos to exhibit quantum behavior, their wavefunctions must manifest through interactions mediated by virtual particles, much like electrons in atoms interact via virtual photons. In the galactic environment, however, gravity is the only long-range force available to neutrinos.

This leads to two possibilities:

1. Quantum gravity scenario — If galactic neutrinos display quantum statistical behavior (e.g., Fermi–Dirac distributions), it would imply that gravitational interactions are mediated by virtual gravitons, supporting the idea that gravity is fundamentally a quantum force.
2. Classical gravity scenario — If gravity is purely the curvature of spacetime, as described by general relativity, then galactic neutrinos would behave as classical particles in a nearly spherical gravitational field, following conservation laws but not exhibiting quantum statistical effects.

A central challenge is that measuring the statistical properties of galactic neutrinos—especially low-energy neutrinos—remains extremely difficult.

Spacetime Numbers

Professor Tom Osler of Rowan University discovered a unique class of numbers, called spacetime numbers, which bear a resemblance to complex numbers. These numbers provide a remarkably clear and simple way to describe special relativity in one space and one time dimension.

Our project is to extend this framework: we aim to develop the two- and three-dimensional formulations of special relativity using spacetime numbers. We believe that spacetime numbers naturally belong to the mathematical language of high-energy physics and may offer new insights into the structure of physical theories.

Recent Publications:
E. Flores, Materializing Quantum Effects: Dark Mater, arXiv:2208.12267